Publications
2022
Gwak, J.-H., Awala, S. I., Nguyen, N.-L., Yu, W.-J., Yang, H.-Y., von Bergen. M., Jehmlich, N., Kits, K. D., Loy, A., Dunfield, P. F., Dahl, C., Hyun, J.-H. & Rhee, S.-K. (2022) Sulfur and methane oxidation by a single microorganism. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci USA 119, e2114799119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2114799119
Jenner, L. P., Crack, J. C., Kurth, J. M., Soldánová, Z., Brandt, L., Sokol, K. P., Reisner, E., Bradley, J. M., Dahl, C., Cheesman, M. R. & Butt, J. (2022) Reaction of thiosulfate dehydrogenase with a substrate mimic induces dissociation of the cysteine heme ligand giving insight into the meachnism of oxidative catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 18296-18304. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c06062
Li, J., Koch, J., Flegler, W., Garcia Ruiz, L., Hager, N., Ballas, A., Tanabe, T. S. & Dahl, C. (2022) A metabolic puzzle: consumption of C1 compounds and thiosulfate in Hyphomicrobium denitrificans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenergetics 1864, 148932. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148932 Share Link: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1g2XO1Ckihhaz
Tanabe, T. S. & Dahl, C. (2022) HMS-S-S: a tool for the identification of sulfur metabolism-related genes and analysis of operon structures in genome and metagenome assemblies. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 7, 2758-2774. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13642
2021
Appel, L., Willistein, M., Dahl, C., Ermler, U. & Boll, M. (2021) Functional diversity of prokaryotic HdrA(BC) modules: role in flavin-based electron bifurcation processes and beyond. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenergetics 1862, 148379. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148379
Ernst, C., Kayashta, K., Venceslau, S. S., Pereira, I. A. C., Demmer, U., Ermler, U. & Dahl, C. (2021) Structural and spectroscopic characterization of a HdrA-like subunit from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans. FEBS J. 288, 1664-1678. doi: 10.1111/febs.15505
Hirschler A, Carapito C, Maurer L, Zumsteg J, Villette C, Heintz D, Dahl C, Al-Nayal A, Sangal V, Mahmoud H, Van Dorsselaer A & Ismail W. (2021). Biodesulfurization induces reprogramming of sulfur metabolism in Rhodococcus qingshengii IGTS8: proteomics and untargeted metabolomics. Microbiol. Spectr. 2:e00692-21.
doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00692-21
2020
Dahl, C. (2020) A biochemical view on the biological sulfur cycle. In Environmental technologies to treat sulfur pollution: principles and engineering (Lens, P., ed.) IWA Publishing, London, 55-96. doi: 10.2166/9781789060966_0055
Dahl, C. (2020) Bacterial intracellular sulfur globules. In Bacterial organelles and organelle-like inclusions. Microbiology Monographs, vol. 34 (Jendrossek, D., ed.) Springer, Cham, 19-51. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-60173-7
Löffler, M., Feldhues, J., Venceslau, S. S., Kammler, L., Grein F., Pereira, I. A. C. & Dahl, C. (2020) DsrL mediates electron transfer between NADH and rDsrAB in Allochromatium vinosum. Env. Microbiol. 22, 783-795. doi:10.1111/146-2920.14899
Löffler, M., Wallerang, K. B., Venceslau, S. S., Pereira, I. A. C. & Dahl, C.The iron-sulfur flavoprotein DsrL as NAD(P)H:acceptor oxidoreductase in oxidative and reductive dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. Front. Microbiol. 11, 578209. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.578209
2019
Jenner, L. P., Kurth, J. M., van Helmont, S., Sokol, K. P., Reisner, E., Dahl, C., Bradley, J. M., Butt, J. N. & Cheeseman, M. (2019) Heme ligation and redox chemistry in thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 18002-18014. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010084
Tanabe, T. S., Leimkühler, S. & Dahl, C. (2019) The functional diversity of the prokaryotic sulfur carrier protein TusA. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 75, 233-277. doi: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.07.004.
2018
Cao, X. Koch, T., Steffens, L., Finkensieper, J., Zigann, R., Cronan, J. E. & Dahl, C. (2018) Lipoate-binding proteins and specific lipoate-protein ligases in microbial sulfur oxidation reveal an atpyical role for an old cofactor. eLife 7, e37439. doi: 10.7554/eLife.37439
Koch, T. & Dahl, C. (2018) A novel bacterial sulfur oxidation pathway provides a new link between the cycles of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. ISME J. 12, 2479-2491. doi: 10.1038/s41396-018-0209-7. Full-text view-only link: https://rdcu.be/1lOb
2017
Dahl, C. (2017) Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic bacteria. In Modern topics in the phototrophic prokaryotes. Metabolism, bioenergetics and omics (Hallenbeck, P. C., ed.) Springer, Cham, 27-66. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-51365-2
Kurth, J.M. & Dahl, C. (2017) Ein altes Paar in neuem Glanz: Thiosulfat und Tetrathionat. BIOspektrum 23, 25-27. doi:10.1007/s12268-017-0761-0
Kurth, J.M., Schuster, A., Seel, W., Herresthal, S., simon, J. & Dahl, C. (2017) TsdC, a unique lipoprotein from Wolinella succinogenes that enhances tetrathionate reductase activity of TsdA. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 364, fnx003. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnx003
2016
Kurth, J.M., Brito, J.A., Reuter, J., Flegler, A. Franke, T., Klein, E.M., Rowe, S.F. Butt, J.N., Denkmann, K., Pereira, I.A., Archer, M. & Dahl, C. (2016) Electron accepting units of the diheme cytochrome c TsdA, a bifunctional thiosulfate dehydrogenase/tetrathionate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 24804-24818. doi:
Kurth, J.M., Butt, J.N., Kelly, D.J. & Dahl, C. (2016) Influence of heme environment on the catalytic properties of tetrathionate reductase (TsdA) from Campylobacter jejuni. Biosci. Rep. e00422. doi: 10.1042/BSR20160457
2015
Brito, J., Denkmann, K., Pereira, I. A. C., Archer, M. & Dahl, C. (2015) Thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) from Allochromatium vinosum: Structural and functional insights into thiosulfate oxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 9222-9238. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M1114.623397
Dahl, C. (2015) Cytoplasmic sulfur-trafficking in sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes. IUBMB Life 67, 268-274.
Kurth, J., Dahl, C. & Butt, J. (2015) Catalytic protein film electrochemistry provides a direct measure of the tetrathionate/thiosulfate reduction potential. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13232-13235. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b08291
Santos, A., Venceslau, S. S., Grein, F., Leavitt, W. D., Dahl, C., Johnston, D. T. & Pereira, I. A. C. (2015) A protein trisulfide couples dissimilatory sulfate reduction to energy conservation. Science 350, 1541-1545. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3558
2014
Brito, J., Gutierres, A., Denkmann, K., Dahl, C. & Archer, M. (2014) Production, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Allochromatium vinosum TsdA, an unusual acidophilic c-type cytochrome. Acta Cryst. F70, 1424-1427.
Liu, L-J., Stockdreher, Y., Koch, T., Sun, S.-T., Fan, Z., Josten, M., Sahl, H.-G., Wan, Q., Luo,Y.-M., Liu, S.-J., Dahl, C. & Jian, C.-Y. (2014) Thiosulfate transfer mediated by DsrE/TusA homology from acidothermophilic sulfur-oxidizing archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina. J. Biol. Chem. 289,
Shively, J., Cannon, G. C, Heinhorst, S., Fuerst, J., Bryant, D. A., Maupin-Furlow, J. A., Schüler, D., Pfeifer, F., Docampo, R., Dahl, C., Preiss, J., Steinbüchel, A. & Federici, B. (2014) Intracellular structures in prokaryotes: inclusions, compartments and assemblages. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (Caplan, M., ed.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.02312-6
Stockdreher, Y., Sturm, M., Josten, M., Sahl, H.-G., Dobler, N, Zigann, R. & Dahl, C. (2014) New proteins involved in sulfur trafficking in the cytoplasm of Allochromatium vinosum. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 12390-12403.
Venceslau, S. S., Stockdreher, Y., Dahl, C. & Pereira, I. A. C. (2014) The "bacterial heterodisulfide" DsrC is a key protein in dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1837, 1148-1164
Weissgerber, T., Sylvester, M., Kröninger, L. & Dahl, C. (2014) A comparative quantitative proteomic study identifies new proteins relevant for sulfur oxidation in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 2279-2292.
Metabolomic profiling of the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum during growth on different reduced sulfur compounds and malate. Metabolomics 10, 1094-1112.
2013
Dahl, C., Franz, B., Hensen, D., Kesselheim, A. & Zigann, R. (2013) Sulfite oxidation in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum: Identification of SoeABC as a major player and relevance of SoxYZ in the process. Microbiology 159, 2626-2638.
Liu, W.-Y., Denkmann, K., Kosciow, K., Dahl, C. & Kelly, D.J. (2013) Tetrathionate stimulated growth of Campylobacter jejuni identifies TsdA as a new type of bi-functional tetrathionate reductase that is widely distributed in bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 88, 173-188.
Parey, K., Demmer, U., Warkentin, E.; Wynen, A., Ermler, U. & Dahl,C. (2013) Structural, biochemical and genetic characterization of ATP sulfurylase from Allochromatium vinosum. PLoS ONE 8, e74707.
Venceslau, S. S., Cort, J. R., Baker, E. S., Chu, R. S., Robinson, E. W., Dahl, C., Saraiva, L. M. & Pereira, I. A. C. (2013) Redox states of Desulfovibrio vulgaris DsrC, a key protein in dissimilatory sulfite reduction. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 441, 732-736.
Weissgerber, T., Dobler, N., Polen, T., Latus, J., Stockdreher, Y. & Dahl, C. (2013) Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180T during growth on different reduced sulfur compounds. J. Bacteriol. 195, 4231-4245.
2012
Denkmann, K., Grein, F., Zigann, R., Siemen, A., Bergmann, J., van Helmont, S., Nicolai, A., Pereira, C. & Dahl, C. (2012) Thiosulfate dehydrogenase: a widespread unusual acidophilic c-type cytochrome. Environ. Microbiol. 14, 2673-2688.
Stockdreher, Y., Venceslau, S. S., Josten, M., Sahl, H.-G., Pereira, I.A.C., & Dahl, C. (2012) Cytoplasmic sulfurtransferases in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum: Evidence for sulfur transfer from DsrEFH to DsrC. PLoS ONE 7, e40785
2011
Grimm, F., Franz, B. & Dahl, C. (2011) Regulation of dissimilatory sulfur oxidation in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. Front. Microbio. 2, 51. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00051
Shively, J.M., Cannon, G. C., Heinhorst, S., Bryant,D. A., DasSarma, S., Bazylinski, D., Preiss, J., Steinbüchel, A., Docampo, R., & Dahl, C. (2011) Bacterial and archaeal inclusions, eLS, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902. a0000302.pub3]
Weissgerber, T., Zigann, R., Bruce, D., Chang, Y.-J., Detter, J. C., Han, C., Hauser, L., Jeffries, C. D., Land, M., Munk, A. C., Tapia, R. & Dahl, C. (2011) Complete genome sequence of Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180T. Stand. Genomic Sci.. 5, 3. doi: 10.4056.sigs.2335270
2010
Franz, B., Balkundi, S. S., Dahl, C., Lvov, Y. M. & Prange, A. (2010) Layer-by-layer nano-encapsulation of microbes: controlled cell surface modification and investigation of substrate uptake in bacteria. Macromol. Biosci. 10, 164-172.
Grein, F., Pereira, I.A.C. & Dahl, C. (2010) The Allochromatium vinsosum DsrMKJOP transmembrane complex: biochemical characterization of individual components aids understanding of complex function in vivo. J. Bacteriol. 192, 6369-6377.
Grein, F., Venceslau, S. S., Schneider, L., Hildebrandt, P., Todorovic, S., Pereira, I.A.C. & Dahl, C. (2010) DsrJ, an essential part of the DsrMKJOP transmembrane complex in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum, is an unusual triheme cytochrome c. Biochemistry 49, 8290-8299.
Grimm, F., Cort, J. R. & Dahl, C. (2010) DsrR, a novel IscA-like protein lacking iron and Fe-S-binding function involved in the regulation of sulfur oxidation in Allochromatium vinosum. J. Bacteriol. 192, 1652-1661.
Grimm, F., Dobler, N. & Dahl, C. (2010) Regulation of dsr genes encoding proteins responsible for the oxidation of stored sulfur in Allochromatium vinosum. Microbiology 156, 764-773.
2009
Franz, B., Lichtenberg, H., Dahl, C., Hormes, J., & Prange, A. (2009) Utilization of “elemental” sulfur by different phototrophic sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae, Ectothiorhodospiraceae): A sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy study. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 190, 012200.
Franz, B., Lichtenberg, H., Hormes, J., Dahl, C. & Prange, A. (2009) The speciation of soluble sulphur compounds in bacterial culture fluids by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Env. Technol. 30, 1281-1289.
Franz, B., Gehrke, T., Lichtenberg, H., Hormes, J., Dahl, C. & Prange, A. (2009). Unexpected extracellular and intracellular sulfur species during growth of Allochromatium vinosum with reduced sulfur compounds. Microbiology 155, 2766-2774.
Frigaard, N. U. & Dahl, C. (2009) Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic sulfur bacteria. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 54, 103-200.
Loy, A., Duller, S., Baranyi, C., Mussmann, M., Ott, J., Sharon, I., Béjà, O., Le Paslier, P., Dahl, C. & Wagner, M. (2009) Reverse dissimilatory sulfite reductase as phylogenetic marker for a subgroup of sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 289-299.
Sander, J. & Dahl, C. (2009) Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic purple bacteria. In Advances in photosynthesis and respiration (Govindjee, series editor), Vol. 28: Phototrophic purple bacteria (Hunter, C. N. & Daldal, F. & Thurnauer, M. C. & Beatty, J.T., eds.) Springer, Dordrecht, 595-622.
Shively, J., Cannon, G. C., Heinhorst, S., Fuerst, J., Bryant, D. A. Gantt, E., Maupin-Furlow, J. A., Schüler, D., Pfeifer, F., Docampo, R., Dahl, C., Preiss, J., Steinbüchel, A., Federici, B. A. (2009) In Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Schaechter, M., ed.): Intracellular structures of prokaryotes: inclusions, compartments and assemblages. Elsevier, Oxford, 404-424.
Welte, C., Hafner, S., Krätzer, C., Quentmeier, A. T., Friedrich, C. G. & Dahl, C. (2009). Interaction between Sox proteins of two physiologically distinct bacteria and a new protein involved in thiosulfate oxidation. FEBS Lett. 583, 1281-1286.
2008
Cort, J. R., Selan, U. M., Schulte, A., Grimm, F., Kennedy, M. A. & Dahl C. (2008) Allochromatium vinosum DsrC: solution-state NMR structure, redox properties and interaction with DsrEFH, a protein essential for purple sulfur bacterial sulfur oxidation. J. Mol. Biol. 382, 692-707.
Dahl, C., Schulte, A., Stockdreher, Y., Hong, C., Grimm, F., Sander, J., Kim, R., Kim, S.-H. & Shin, D. H. (2008). Structural and molecular genetic insight into a wide-spread bacterial sulfur oxidation pathway. J. Mol. Biol. 384, 1287-1300.
Dahl, C, Hell R., Leustek, T. & Knaff, D. (2008) Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic organisms: an introduction. In Advances in photosynthesis and respiration (Govindjee, series editor), Vol. 27: Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic organisms (Hell, R., Dahl, C., Knaff, D. & Leustek, T., eds.) Springer, Dordrecht, 1-14.
Dahl, C. (2008) Inorganic sulfur compounds as electron donors in phototrophic sulfur bacteria. In Advances in photosynthesis and respiration (Govindjee, series editor), Vol. 27: Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic organisms (Hell, R., Dahl, C., Knaff, D. & Leustek, T., eds.) Springer, Dordrecht, 289-317.
Dahl C., Friedrich, C. G. & Kletzin, A. (2008) Sulfur oxidation in prokaryotes,. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, DOI 10.1002/9780470015902.a0021155
Grimm, F., Franz, B. & Dahl, C. (2008) Thiosulfate and sulfur oxidation in purple sulfur bacteria. In Microbial sulfur metabolism (Dahl, C. & Friedrich, C. G., eds.) Springer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin, 101-116.
2007
Dahl, C., Schulte, A. & Shin, D. H. (2007) Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of DsrEFH from Allochromatium vinosum. Acta Cryst. F63, 890-892.
Franz, B., Lichtenberg, H., Hormes, J., Modrow, H., Dahl, C. & Prange, A. (2007) Utilization of solid elemental sulfur by the phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum: A sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy study. Microbiology 153: 1268-1274
2006
Dahl, C. & Prange, A. (2006) Bacterial sulfur globules: Occurrence, structure and metabolism. In Microbiology Monographs (1) Inclusions in Prokaryotes (J. M. Shively, ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 21-51.
Hensen, D., Sperling, D., Trüper, H. G., Brune, D. C. & Dahl, C. (2006) Thiosulphate oxidation in the phototrophic sulphur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. Mol. Microbiol. 62, 794-810.
Lübbe, Y. L., Youn, H.-S., Timkovich, R. & Dahl, C. (2006) Siro(haem)amide in Allochromatium vinosum and relevance of DsrL and DsrN, a homolog of cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase, for sulphur oxidation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 261, 194-202.
Sander, J., Engels-Schwarzlose, S. & Dahl, C. (2006) Importance of the DsrMKJOP complex for sulfur oxidation in Allochromatium vinosum and phylogenetic analysis of related complexes in other prokaryotes. Arch. Microbiol. 186, 357-366.
Shively, J.M., Cannon, G. C., Heinhorst, S., Bryant,D. A., DasSarma, S., Bazylinski, D., Preiss, J., Steinbüchel, A., Docampo, R., & Dahl, C. (2006) Bacterial inclusions, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences [online], John Wiley & Sons, www.els.net/ [doi: 10.1 038/npg.els.0004268]
2005
Dahl, C., Engels, S., Pott-Sperling, A. S., Schulte, A. Sander, J., Lübbe, Y., Deuster, O. & Brune, D. C. (2005) Novel genes of the dsr gene cluster and evidence for close interaction of Dsr proteins during sulfur oxidation in the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. J. Bacteriol. 187, 1392-1404.
2004
Prange, A., Engelhardt, H., Trüper, H. G. & Dahl, C. (2004). The role of the sulfur globule proteins of Allochromatium vinosum: Mutagenesis of the sulfur globule protein genes and expression studies by Real-time RT‑PCR. Arch. Microbiol. 182, 165-174.
2002
Dahl, C., Prange, A. & Steudel, R. (2002) Natural polymeric sulfur compounds. In Biopolymers, Vol. 9: Miscellaneous biopolymers and biodegradation of synthetic polymers (A. Steinbüchel, Hrsg.). Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 35-62.
Prange, A., Dahl, C., Trüper, H.G., Behnke, M., Hahn, J., Modrow. H. & Hormes, J. (2002) Investigation of S-H bonds in biologically important compounds by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Eur. Phys. J. D 20, 589-596.
Prange, A., Dahl, C., Trüper, H.G., Chauvistre, R., Modrow. H. & Hormes, J. (2002) X-ray absorption spectroscopy of bacterial sulfur globules: a detailed reply. Microbiology-UK 148, 2268-2270.
Prange, A., Chauvistre, R., Modrow, H., Hormes, J., Trüper, H. G. & Dahl, C. (2002) Quantitative speciation of sulfur in sulfur globules: X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals at least three different speciations of sulfur. Microbiology-UK 148, 267-276.
2001
Dahl, C. & Trüper, H. G. (2001) Sulfite reductase and APS reductase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Meth. Enzymol. 331, 427-441.
Dahl, C., Molitor, M. & Trüper, H. G. (2001) The siroheme-sulfite-reductase-like protein from Pyrobaculum islandicum. Meth. Enzymol. 331, 410-419.
Kappler, U., Friedrich, C. & Dahl, C. (2001) Evidence for two independent pathways of thiosulfate oxidation in Starkeya novella (formerly Thiobacillus novellus). Arch. Microbiol. 175, 102-111.
Kappler, U. & Dahl, C. (2001) Enzymology and molecular biology of prokaryotic sulfite oxidation (minireview) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203, 1-9.
Sanchez, O., Ferrera, I., Dahl, C. & Mas. J. (2001) In vivo role of APS reductase in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. Arch. Microbiol. 176, 301-305.
Sperling, D., Kappler, U., Trüper, H. G. & Dahl, C. (2001). Dissimilatory ATP sulfurylase from the hyperthermophilic sulfate reducing archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Meth. Enzymol. 331, 419-427.
2000
Brüser, T., Selmer, T. & Dahl, C. (2000). “ADP sulfurylase“ from Thiobacillus denitrificans is an adenylylsulfate:phosphate adenylyltransferase (APAT) and belongs to a new family of nucleotidyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1691-1698.
Dahl, C. (2000). Schwefelverbindungen als Elektronendonatoren für die Photosynthese anoxygener phototropher Bakterien. Biospektrum 4/2000, 263-266.
Kappler, U., Bennett, B., Rethmeier, J., Schwarz, G., Deutzmann, R., McEwan, A. G. & Dahl, C. (2000). Sulfite:cytochrome c oxidoreductase from Thiobacillus novellus – purification, characterization and molecular biology of a heterodimeric member of the sulfite oxidase family. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 13202-13212.
Neumann, S., Wynen, A., Trüper, H. G. & Dahl, C. (2000). Characterization of the cys gene locus from Allochromatium vinosum indicates an unusual sulfate assimilation pathway. Mol. Biol. Reports 27, 27-33.
